Roots Of Our Faith Essays - Religion, Christianity, Bible

Roots of Our Faith As Christians, why do we need the Old Testament when we have the New Testament? This is a question often asked in modern day Christianity. This is also the question which seems to provoke the writing of The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith, by Paul and Elizabeth Achtemeier. The Achtemeiers point out in their book that in modern day thinking we view God as a loving father (pg. 1-2), rather than the God of the Old Testament who seems to act in jealousy over his own power with the destruction of everything. So why then do we read the Old Testament? The final reason is "We can't understand the nature of Christians unless we understand Israel."(pg.5) according to the Achtemeiers, and Israel as pointed out throughout the book is the root of all Christianity today. The main purpose behind this book is to provide us with a rope which connects us and our New Testament thinking to the Old Testament. The single main theme that conveys this thinking is that throughout all God has k! ept his word with mercy and love. Achtemeier shows us this link by basically giving us an entire overview of the Old Testament in a form which ties to the coming of Jesus Christ as the Son of God. We can believe God's link to Jesus Christ and the world today, by the point, through everything God has gone through he has remained true to his word or covenants. God's greatest creation, man, rebelling against his own authority has been the cause for most of the problems in the Old Testament. In started with Adam and Eve wanting to be like God themselves which led them to sin and continued on to Israel where sin was evident everywhere. In Israel, David, although chosen as the anointed one or messiah, committed adultery and murder, yet God's mercy and forgiveness stepped in. Israel as a whole was given the ten commandments to abide by, yet they couldn't. Despite many prophet writings that the end of Israel would come, God instead gave salvation to them through a new spirit and heart in the form of Jesus Chri! st according to the Achtemeiers. The book is organized primarily as the bible is organized with certain points, when needed, taken from other passages in both the New and Old Testament. The way it is ordered makes the book almost read like a story on a timeline through each book of the bible, in telling us what God has gone through for us to believe in his faith. Certain times in the book the Achtemeiers put in what seem like their own beliefs about particular parts which throw the reader off a bit. For example when they arrive at the time of David being the King in Israel, they seem to believe that David wasn't the right choice to be the Messiah or wasn't the chosen one at all. They back this point up by saying, "Yahweh seems often curiously absent from the history of Israel's greatest king." (pg. 77) The Achtemeiers are clear throughout the book proving that God has always been true to his word and that is why we were given Jesus. An example is when the judging of Israel comes, they show us that God ra! ther than destroying Israel for being full of corruption, gives them a new heart and spirit, which falls in line with his covenant with Israel. I completely agree with the Achtemeiers feelings, after reading this book, that Jesus "is the fulfillment of the Old Testament Story." This book has been extremely helpful to me since in the past I've studied the Old Testament as all separate pieces with no real logical answer to any question. Before reading this I too felt that the Old Testament seemed to be more so a collection of stories that give us a basic moral understanding of how God thinks we should all act. While I don't feel that I understand the New Testament better, I do feel that I understand the roots of it better, like where and why it came about. By knowing the roots of it better, I feel in the future while studying the New Testament I will have more of a grasp of what Paul, Peter, or Luke says means in the whole big scheme of things, but not necessarily in their individual meaning.

Teddy Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt Free Online Research Papers Theodore â€Å"Teddy â€Å" Roosevelt was the 26th American President, who was born in 1858 and died in 1919. He was fortunate to be born into a rich family environment. However he was not a healthy child; who was home schooled for a majority of his early academic years. He had many accomplishments’ throughout his career and has been remembered mainly for his energetic personality, and his intelligence. He was a leader of the Republican Party, and held positions at all levels’ of government prior to winning the election for presidency. He created the Department of Commerce in addition to the Bureau of Corporations. This allowed the department to investigate actions as well as activities of business and corporations, that are involved in forms of interstate trade. This was seen as Roosevelt showing his new Presidential power. This went over well with the average citizen, but of course angered the owners of these businesses. They made it clear that Roosevelt wanted to limit the size of business as well as regulating their profits. Roosevelt constantly stated he was not anti business. I personally feel he was influenced with his new found power, and wanted to throw his weight around. I feel the government should not be allowed to tell me how to run my business. He also passed the pure food and drug act that still influences are current society. At the beginning of the century American’s were going through a lot of changes. This new law stated that diseased and bad food was not allowed in foreign and interstate commerce. This made it illegal to sell spoiled vegetables as well as animal products. In addition drugs could not have misleading and or false statements. He established fines and penalties for violations, and also enforced them. Society as a whole benefited from this law. It gave people confidence in purchasing products, as well as ensuring these products are safe. I agree with the passing of the food and drug act. If companies operated with common sense they would not be in this situation. As a byproduct of the passing of this act; investigative journalism came about. This is where Teddy Roosevelt first learned about the conditions associated with the meat industry. I cannot agree any company saying that they will lose money because of this, even though many companies did make this statement. The meat Inspection Act was passed next. This basically had three parts. The provide information with the history of laws that oversee the slaughtering, processing, and distribution of meat and meat products. It also explained the difference between meat grading and meat inspection. This was passed to benefit the citizens of America. The benefits defiantly outweighed the cost to the business owners and purveyors. There are so many things that can go wrong during the processing of meat for human consumption. Anything can go wrong from selection, processing, and distribution of meat. This law was the foundation of many amendments to come. Once again I have to agree with the president, even if the business owner began to cry fowl. The Hepburn Act of 1906 was a very important act as it strengthened existing railroad regulations. The first thing it did was to increase the membership from 5 to 7 members in the Interstate Commerce Commission. This also includes the restriction of free passes, and the power to establish maximum rates. This brought certain companies under the control of the ICC; to include businesses that transported goods or information for a fee. An example is ferries we have today. This was meant to benefit the people, but caused a lot of headache with the owners of these types of business. It made the cost of operating rise, as well as implemented new tougher rules, as well as penalties for non-compliance. It also streamlined the process for filling claims for shipping incidents, versus the old way which included a lengthy and costly process. Perhaps the best thing to come about was the uniform accounting practices for these carriers. One of the last things he passed was the Forest Service Act in 1905. The previous administration that was in charge had a lot of fraud as well as incompetence. He wanted to bring forests and foresters together in an efficient Department of Agriculture. The goal was to use the forest industry in the best interest of the people. There mission statement could best be stated as to care for the land and serve people, to help protect and administer forests and rangelands for this and future generations. He also allocated a lot of funding for research. At the time this seemed to be a waste of public money; however as we progress in the present day this was a very important act. It showed future Presidents that the environment was important and worth investing in. this is very important as we currently face global warming. If not for this Act we might be years behind then where we are now. I am glad he had the public in mind when he passes this. Even though the loggers, and foresters hated h im for this. In conclusion Roosevelts achievements as a naturalist, explore, hunter, author, and soldier as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. We as a country were fortunate to have a president that far ahead of his time. REFERENCES: Walsh. B. (2009 January 08). TEDDY ROOSEVELT. Retrieved January 11, 2010 from, time.com/time/magazine/article/10,9171,1870485,00.html whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/theodoreroosevelt/ Retrived January 12, 2010 Research Papers on Teddy RooseveltDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentStandardized TestingTwilight of the UAW

Medical law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Medical law and ethics - Essay Example The doctors have a responsibility to care for the lives and should not allow anyone to lose his or her life even the unborn child (House of Commons 2007). Abortion Act of 1967 prohibits abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger and noting could be done to save the child. The doctor should use the right procedure for acquiring organ for transplant (McLean Sheila 2009) in accordance to HT Act. The HT Act determines the procedure for obtaining the consent either from the deceased or from the deceased or from the relatives of the deceased (FarrellAnne-Maree, 2011). In case the deceased left no consent the doctors should seek the consent from the qualifying person (Madsen Klein 2011). The immediate person who was staying with the deceased is the most qualifying person from whom doctors should seek consent (Jackson Emily 2013). Therefore, since Nellie had not left any consent, Dr. Black had a duty to obtain the consent from her family to use Nellie’s organs for transplant. However, since her husband was the most qualifying and was against the doctor’s idea of using her organs, Dr. Black could not use them despite the consent of Nellie’s parents. Doctor should inform the patients of the risks associated with each operation in order to help them make an informed decision (Gleeson Michael 2008). The patients have to weigh between the problems they are going through and the risk they will get exposed to as a result of medical operations (Crellin J. K 2005). Patients should request for information just to be sure of what they are likely to go through during or after the operation (McConachie Ian 2009).Doctors should ensure their patients are not caught by surprise in case of unexpected consequences (Garden James, 2012) for this will help patients to learn to trust their doctors. In this case the Dr. Roberts failed to mention about stiffness of the neck and it occurred the doctor is liable for his client for

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans - Essay Example United States had experienced a disaster of almost the same magnitude during the September 11 attacks, but the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina demonstrated that the country’s emergency response was focused mainly on mitigating terrorism disasters at the expense of public health emergencies. Several weaknesses were apparent in the response to the Katrina disaster in New Orleans. The response was so uncoordinated and thousands of victims starved waiting for help almost a week in the flooded city. The National Response Plan provides firm guidelines for fighting terrorism and national leadership but it has three remarkable administrative weaknesses that jeopardized efficient response to the Katrina disaster (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p31). The first weakness is that recommendations from the federal public health do not have the force of law. The federal public health agencies are charged with the responsibility of coordination and disaster preparedness while the state has overwhelming authority on public health matters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007, p 37-39).... health authorities’ dilemma on whether to enforce disaster preparedness measures on all hazards or to bioterrorism attacks still exist in the country (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 pp 69-70) Countering bioterrorism attacks in United States has been the government’s top priority resulting to biasness in distribution of funds and other resources on preparedness of other disasters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p127). In the case of the Katrina disaster, the government was not prepared to address broader humanitarian disasters in the country. The aforementioned weaknesses caused several problems during Katrina disaster. Firstly, the victims were not well informed during evacuation and there were no adequate provisions to cater for people with special needs. Secondly, returning evacuated persons back to their home was problematic, there was weakness in application of reverse lane operations and finally, provision of care to animals was not adequately addressed. Emergency operation plan f or New Orleans should address the following pressing issues. They include saving lives, protecting property and restoring the community back to normal after the disaster. However, before the occurrence of a hurricane disaster, it is important to enhance the capacity of the residents and the emergency workers by putting in place adequate disaster preparedness measures. Disaster preparedness in New Orleans entails working closely with relevant departments of health and security in the state to enhance a coordinated response to the emergency. The departments and other stakeholders would ensure that training, leadership, training, technical and financial support in addition to exercise support are provided to the communities and emergency workers as they prepare for disasters, mitigate their effects ,

Civil and Environmental Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Civil and Environmental Engineering - Essay Example This is trend going to be more so in the future and civil engineers need to know how to deal with this issue (Seracino, 2006). Apparently, the trend is familiar in the modern world as can be seen in Dubai. Dubai, one of the most popular emirates of the United Arabs Emirates has set the trend where buildings are not built to only serve a technical function, but are also a cultural statement (McCuen, Ezzell & Wong, 2011). This aspect of civil engineering has brought with it more challenges to the civil engineers who in the modern world have to execute civil engineering projects that are far more complex than the technical aspects. This trend might not disappear soon. As such, civil engineers in future will be required to be more creative and more resourceful in executing their projects. Civil engineering is going to take a new turn where it will have a more social and cultural aspect. Architects are forever coming up with more complex designs which the civil engineers will have to impl ement and that are becoming a challenge. Modern civil engineers also have to be able to look at the ways they have to control the budget. As a matter of facts, numerous issues make the modern civil engineer to be good financial manager. To begin with, as Fellin (2004) modern customers are more aware of the cost of construction and are likely to offer fewer funds than it was in the early years. When a modern civil engineer gets a project, whether from the government, a firm or an individual, they are likely to get more resistance when asking for the funding of the project. In this regard, the civil engineer must be a good negotiator in order to get things done Hansen and Zenobia (2011). He or she must be able to negotiate with the financiers of the project and must also be able to negotiate with other stakeholders in the industry. Where the civil engineer is involved in the procurement of materials and other resources such

About Leadership In Sport And Leisure Sport Essay

About Leadership In Sport And Leisure Sport Essay Do not forget that you are required to keep a copy of all of your submitted work. I certify that this assignment is my own work and that all sources of information have been acknowledged. This report critically analyses the role of leadership to managing people in sport and leisure organisations. It uses critical thinking methods to demonstrate the definition of leadership, the human resource management in sport leisure organisation, the difference between management and leadership and some key theories of leadership. Finally, it analyses to analysis a case studies through one practical sports organisation as example. The purpose is to make logical recommendations for improving the fitness club management ideas to build a strong cohesion and loyalty of staff ranks high. The Definition of Leadership Leadership was defined by Parry (1996: 2) who stated that â€Å"Leadership is the presentation by a person of some identifiable goal or vision or future state that people can desire; and the generation of a willingness within those people to follow the leader along a socially responsible and mutually beneficial course of action, toward thatgoal.† This concept of leadership seemed ambiguous; it did not emphasis the effectiveness of leadership and major characteristics. Leadership probably means having a long term vision and to stimulate the people follow he or she to achieve their common goal for the companys future development. Strange and Munford (2002) believed that the direct leadership comes from the personal charismatic leadership; this could be the best way to influence and motivate people. Therefore, Wunderer and Grunwald (1980: 232) defined â€Å"leadership as a goal-oriented and social impact to fulfill common tasks in a structured work environment.† Because of many kinds of notions about leadership, it always led to confusion between leadership and management. As far as this point is concerned, the following essay will research the role of leadership in an essential position in the management environment. Simultaneously, it will evaluate the process of human resource management. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management system plays a significant role in a company or organization. It directly impacts on this organizations strategic implementation in each step and controls the speed of development with their competitors in the same sphere. Heathfield (2010) proposed that â€Å"Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers.† Moreover, in the past in USA, HRM concentrated on the human relations in the enterprise management and employees relations in the working environment; Due to industrial psychology, it applies consolidated systems and strategies commonly, HRM was also considered as personnel management (PM) in the UK (Chadwick and Beech, 2004). According to the above statements, it was obviously seen that a manager was set in a core position in the HRM system. The mangers main responsibility was to deal with issues related to people, such as recruitment, to choose who the most appropriate person for this vacancy is. As Taylor et al (2008) said the HRM system was the first level of administration in people management system, while encouraging more organizational activities. How can we evaluate the organization owns a good HRM system or not? It focuses on the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) system. Operational effectiveness and strategic positioning were two fundamental methods to support the organization in outperforming their rivals in an industry (Porter, 1979). These two points could stimulate the organization have to perform better activities than other competitors and create some unique advantages in the same industry. However, Taylor et al (2008:128) commented that â€Å"a focused strategy requires a competitive position based on cost leadership or differentiation†. Wright and McMahon (1992: 295) gave a definition of SHRM as, â€Å"the pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals†. The purpose of SHRM was to choose the best appropriate candidate take part in their own organization whilst increase the organization marketing segment in the industry. Sport organization was a good example, each sport clubs would like to attract a famous coach or athlete, like in National Basketball Association (NBA). There was no doubt that NBA draft was the best opportunity to provide for each team to choose a potential player in every year. However, in the practice of organization, SHRM system did not only focus on some basic HRM skills, but also extended the range of relevant management techniques, for instance, high-commitment work system, the process of recruitment, leadership philosophy and the development of process of the organization (Taylor et al, 2008). In brief, the present approach of SHRM still in the traditional HRM scope; it lacked practical circumstance for an organization to operate their performance in different situations. Particularly in a sport organization, if it could combine the HRM rational theory and operate the SHRM in a practical process of organization, it would bring more outcomes for the organizations long term development. In addition, managerial leadership was an indispensable part in the SHRM. Hence, the next part of the essay will look at the differences between management and leadership. Differences of Management and Leadership Regarding the issue about relationship and the distinction between management and leadership, different people will have their different perspectives. In the early stage, a professor named John Adair (1988) made use of etymological origins to explain the difference in a magazine interview; Adair revealed that â€Å"leadership† stems from an Anglo-Saxon word; it means that a road, a way, the path of a ship at sea, a common sense of direction, whereas â€Å"management† was from a Latin word â€Å"manus†, it means a hand and it has to do with handling a sword, a ship, a horse. It is easy to remind people what entrepreneurial engineers and accountants were doing when starting and administration businesses and how they gained the currency in the 19th century. Nevertheless, since the leadership development in recent years, more functions have been appeared, such as planning, organizing and controlling work. These functions are similar to the functions of management in my view. Managers always make a plan, organize the activity and administrate the limit resources to realize some common objectives (Gill, 1997). Meanwhile, managers could communicate with his or her employees, but leaders usually influence and inspire his or her employees. Behind each leader there is a support team and followers, however, managers just have their subordinates. In my opinion, management focuses on implementing the whole plan through the managers ability and making the utmost of the managing resources, whereas leadership emphases the individual persons idea and imbues with the main spirit to their employees. In brief, the final goal for good management or leadership is to win the hearts and minds of their people. Leadership Theory Leadership was deemed as a process of a leader to impart unique ideas to other people through his or her individual managing strategy. Popper and Zakkai (1994:3) believed that â€Å"the essence of leadership is to make people do what you want them to with as much will, determination and enthusiasm as if they had decided for themselves.† From the past several years research, leadership literature mainly focuses on: which types of leadership theory is close and more appropriate for present leader to exert their leadership function. Lewin et al (1939) implied that the subordinates performance decides which kind of flavor of leadership theory fits this organization; furthermore, different kinds of training programmes related with leadership have emerged. Notably in the current situation, outward bound development plan is the most popular approach was adopted in most organizations. The rest of this report will review some major theories of leadership and the purpose is to analyses of the real case in the last part then to propose some recommendations for improvement. l Trait Theory Leadership traits theory is the original theory and it concentrate on the leaders characteristics. Cartwright and Zander (1968) stated that an effective leader should possess the following certain qualities: intelligence, reliability, sense of responsibility, greater energy and social activity. Regarding these qualities; it is easy to find that most of them require the leader to keep on cultivating himself in the future not are inborn. The ‘Personality Era of ‘Great Man theories were proposed by Van Sters and Field (1990:29) who said that â€Å"effective leaders at one time were believed to show common characteristics that cause them to behave in certain ways.† However, this theory was challenged in the 2000 World Economic Forum report. The report indicated that many successful companies always change their Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to ensure that their business prospers. Whereas most CEOs succeed in their first organization, they often fail when enter for a ne w organization. This point demonstrates that in fact the leaders have not acquired all the leadership traits and that is little connection between CEO style and organizational performance. Also the trait theory was not to judge the leadership situation. l Situational Leadership and Contingency Theory Situational theory is more focused on the situation and the group of followers. This way is more practical and good for the leader to acknowledge their followers and situations. This approach does not consider the whole organization or the current requirements of the individual leaders group. Contingency theory of leadership mainly analyses three factors between leaders and followers. The first one is Fiedler (1968), who proposed the extending definition of the followers and of the work structure of the subordinate. The second one is how the leader uses his or her authority and depends on his or her subordinates. The third one is the existing relationship between the leader and followers. The leaders charisma attracts the followers and the followers reverence for the leader. l Leadership Style Theories Leadership style theories are concerned with the leaders behaviour and do not pay attention to the individual characteristics of the leader. Through these theories, some researchers discovered that the manager who considers the employee as the centre may gain more results and effects than the manager who focuses on tasks. This point is evaluated by the leaders performance value. If the leader views the situation from the perspective of a boss, he or she priorities the tasks above the employees. However, if he takes the employees view into consideration, he or she values both the task and the employee. So the later approach is more encompassing. Of course, as a leader, pay more attentions on the employee behaviour can bring his or her work more benefits than only concern with the task as a centre. l Transactional Leadership This kind of leadership turns out to be more popular in most organizations. Popper and Zakkai (1994:6) accepted that â€Å"transactional leadership contains a basic mechanism of exchange relations which becomes possible when there is no outstanding sense of impending threat or anxiety†. Transactional leaders shall use management-by-exception, actively or with contingent rewards (Gill, 1997). Generally, the management-by-exception includes making objectives and regulations, taking charge of the progress and discovering mistakes and then enhancing the effectiveness of leadership. However, transactional leadership ignores the employees desires and motivation; it focuses on how to achieve the goal through the followers. Many empirical examples prove that transactional leadership might cause performance that meets expectations (Gill, 2003). l Transformational Leadership This pattern of leadership is a good approach in order to stimulate the followers and subordinates interested in accomplishing the goal and enhance their self-development. Alderder (1972) agreed that transformational leadership should pay more attention to the leaders developmental requirement. Furthermore, Bass (1991) revealed that there exist the following four aspects of transformational leadership behaviours. Individualised consideration Intellectual stimulation Inspirational motivation Idealised influence (charm) Analysis of a Practical Sports Organisation Example During a period as a sports trainee in Beijing, an example of a process of leadership change was witnessed by the author. This fitness club was set up in 2003 and it was been open for 5 years. In the early period, the former fitness club managers original plan was run a small business and serve whiter collar workers and students around the university. Hence, his focus point is how to attract more customers and increase sale volume rather than make an integrated management system for his subordinates to enhance the whole level of this fitness club service. He is a typical laissez-faire leader in the hearts of his employee. Popper and Zakkai (1994:3) claimed that â€Å"an effective leader, according to the criteria of this approach, is a sensitive psychological diagnostician who accurately discerns subordinates needs and expectations and responds to them accordingly.† In addition, his behaviour assesses the various theories. When the employee proposes their suggestions or questions during each weekly meeting, the leader always says these opinions were correct but never realizes it. In terms of this point, several senior level coaches began to leave whilst some old cus tomers also followed by their coach left this club. These results led to the club faceing bankrupt and merger by other large fitness corporation. In 2005, this fitness club was taken over by the Bally Total Fitness Corporation. As the new leader was transferred to this club, he brought a totally new management system. He used transformational leadership theory, through exploiting subordinates intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation to improve employee vision. Transformational leadership is more important when the company faces uncertain markets. A new recombination has to be innovated to remain in the competitive environment (Gill, 1997). First of all, he reformulated the current staff while reducing the number of staff. Second, he advised each coach to take ACE (America Certificate Exercise) certificate to make use of their personal time. Third, he added some new reward regulations, such as providing a free nutritional breakfast for early morning shift employees. Furthermore, the company will organize one outside sports event consisting of employees and their family members to join in each year on anniversary da y. Apart from these, to keep more regular customers and attract more potential customers, he adopted some kinds of exercise classes especially arranged different coaches for different ages. Another side is, he is a patient person who can listen to each employees suggestions about the club development and communicate with his employees frequently. For instance, one employee proposed that the club could publish their own health tips each month focus on their current membership. After one month, this was realized and clubs first month health tip flyer was put up in the club information bar. The theory of motivation, Horner (1997) stated that the degree of satisfaction of employees could be thought of as motivators; only one motivation the employee could achieve the goal. Others motivation theories were concerned with what behaviour the leader needs to influence their subordinates. Apart from that, Alderfer (1969:142) proposed that â€Å"there may be only three needs: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs in a hierarchy of concreteness, and people may be motivated by multiple needs at any one time.† Since this new manager uses a logical leadership management method, it results in revenue fitness club turn flourishing and the scale began to extend. Of course, the marketing share also rank at the top compared with other competitors. However, the most essential reason is the new manager used a correct leadership theory and rationally applied the realization. Conclusion To sum up the role of leadership in a sport and leisure organizations, the leaders behaviour could influence each subordinates psychology, the leaders management method decides the companys development trend to success or failure. Through the authors experience of two leaders behaviour in a real sport and leisure organization, how to create more motivations for their employees, how to encourage their employees are more important and practical than only depend on some formal traditional leadership theories. The significant value for the leader is to let the subordinate follow your path of company development. Consequently, discovering more new management techniques from experience are the most effective ways to manage modern organizations. Reference: Alderfer,C.P. (1972). Existence, Relatedness and Growth, Human Needs in Organizational Settings, New York, The Free Press. Cartwright,D.C. and Zander, A., (1968). Group Dynamics. The 3rd edition., London, Tavistock. Chadwick, S and Beech, J. (2004). The Business of Sport Management. Harlow, Prentice Hall. Fiedler, F.E., (1968). Group Dynamics. 3rd edition., London, Tavistock. Parry, K. (1996). Transformational Leadership. Melbourne, Pitman Publishing. Taylor et al. (2008). Managing people in sport organizations: A strategic human resource management perspective. Oxford, Butter worth- Heinemann. Wunderer, R. and Grunwald, W. (1980). Fuhrungslehre: Grundlagen der Fuhrung. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter. Alderfer, C.P. (1969). A new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 142-175. D.A. Van Sters and R.H.G.Field (1990). The evoluation of leadership theory. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 3(3), 29-45. Grill, R. (1997). New Directions in Leadership. Leadership Trust Foundation, 16 March, 1994. Grill, R. (2003). Towards a General Theory of Leadership. Leadership Trust, 31 January, 2003. Horner, M. (1997). Leadership theory: past, present and future. Team Performance Management, 3(4), 270-287. Lewin, K et al. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behaviour in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301. Popper, M. and Zakkai, E. (1994). Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: Conditions Conducive to their Predominance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 15 (6), 3-7. Poter, M.E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 137-145. Strange, J.M. and Mumford, M.D. (2002). The origin of vision: charismatic versus ideological leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 343-77. Wright, P.M. and McMahon, G.C. (1992). Theoretical perspective for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18 (2), 295-320. Heathfield, S.M. (2010). [online]. Last accessed 23 March 2010 at: http://human resources.about.com/od/glossary/f/hr_management.htm.

History of Brown vs. Board Through Art :: Race Racial Segregation American History

History Through Art Brown vs. Board was a landmark case that changed America’s education forever. Some of these changes produced many opinions among the different states. One county even shut their public schools down for five years and posted signs blaming it on the Government. I am shocked that picture wasn’t in the exhibition at the Krannert Art Museum. Many of the featured artists have found their calling in capturing some aspects of the racial issue especially the equal education facet. The forms of painting and photography will remain in our world for many years and will help educate future generations on how those in our time coped with the feelings that racism brought to many of us. The exhibit in the museum stimulated my curiosity in the social realm of the decision in that courtroom. People began to see their futures differently. One painting that struck me as inspirational was Brett Cook-Dizney’s self-portrait. The colors he used were mainly bright. This usage of bright tones forced me to think about the reason he used them. Brett Cook-Dizney arranged the colors around his figure in such a way that the tones seemed to give the portrait a glow. He had many achievements that surrounded his painting that caused me to figure out why he used those bright colors; he was a bright young man. The painting had taken him three years to portray his feelings through his artistic approach. He had graduated high school in 1986, thirty years after Brown vs. Board. His work showed that there were still issues in racial equality in the school. Cook- Dizney’s self-portrait seemed to be a way to show the world how he wanted to be seen as opposed to how his teachers and peers saw him. In art he could paint himself in his true light. Cook-Dizney noticed that he had a shot at a bright future and owed much of it to the decision of Brown vs. Board. This court result offered him a chance to pursue a better education. You can see this in his work. He took his own critical approach to his self-image and made the viewer see him his way. This is an effective action for even the amateur art appreciator. After looking at this painting for a few minutes, you can feel the way he feels about the person he is and hopes to be. Brett Cook-Dizney had a couple more note-worthy paintings on display.